20 条实用英语语法规则详解

这些是学校从未教过但非常实用的英语语法规则！

1. LESS vs. FEWER

  • Less = 不可数名词
  • Fewer = 可数名词
  • 例句:
    • Less water, fewer bottles.
    • There is less water in the bottle.
    • There are fewer people in the room.

2. WHO vs. WHOM

  • Who = 主语 (subject)
  • Whom = 宾语 (object)
  • 例句:
    • Who is calling?
    • To whom are you speaking?
    • Who called you?
    • To whom did you speak?

3. OXFORD COMMA SAVES MEANING

  • 牛津逗号可以拯救句意
  • 例句:
    • I love my parents, Lady Gaga, and God.
    • （没有 Oxford comma 可能被误解为父母是 Lady Gaga 和 God）

4. 'THAT' vs. 'WHICH'

  • That = 引入必要信息 (essential info)
  • Which = 添加额外细节 (extra detail)
  • 例句:
    • The book that I borrowed was great. (限定性从句)
    • The book, which I borrowed, was great. (非限定性从句)

5. MAY vs. MIGHT

  • May = 可能 (possible)
  • Might = 可能性更低 (less certain)
  • 例句:
    • It may rain tomorrow. (较有可能)
    • It might rain tomorrow. (可能性较小)

6. NEVER SPLIT 'TO' AND A VERB

  • 不要拆分不定式 (to + verb)
  • 错误: to quickly run
  • 正确: to run quickly
  • 例句:
    • Wrong: I want to quickly finish this.
    • Better: I want to finish this quickly.

7. SINCE vs. BECAUSE

  • Since = 时间 (time)
  • Because = 原因 (reason)
  • 例句:
    • I've lived here since 2020. (时间)
    • I stayed home because it rained. (原因)

8. 'THAN' vs. 'THEN'

  • Than = 比较 (comparison)
  • Then = 序列/时间 (sequence/time)
  • 例句:
    • She is taller than her brother.
    • First we eat, then we go.

9. I.E. vs. E.G.

  • i.e. = "that is" = 也就是说
  • e.g. = "for example" = 例如
  • 例句:
    • I need to buy groceries, i.e., food and drinks.
    • I like fruits, e.g., apples and bananas.

10. DOUBLE NEGATIVES DON'T MAKE A POSITIVE

  • 双重否定 ≠ 肯定 (在标准英语中)
  • 例句:
    • ❌ I don't need no help. (双重否定，非标准)
    • ✅ I don't need any help. (标准英语)

11. AFFECT vs. EFFECT

  • Affect = 动词 (influence)
  • Effect = 名词 (result)
  • 例句:
    • The weather affects my mood.
    • The effect of the storm was severe.

12. ADJECTIVES BEFORE NOUNS, BUT IN ORDER

  • 形容词顺序：Opinion → Size → Age → Color → Origin → Material → Purpose → Noun
  • 例句:
    • A lovely small old red Italian wooden coffee table.
    • （美好的小旧红色意大利木制咖啡桌）

13. BETWEEN vs. AMONG

  • Between = 2 个事物
  • Among = 3 个或以上事物
  • 例句:
    • Choose between tea and coffee. (2 选 1)
    • Distribute among the students. (多个学生)

14. FARTHER vs. FURTHER

  • Farther = 物理距离 (physical distance)
  • Further = 比喻/程度 (figurative)
  • 例句:
    • The store is farther than I thought. (物理距离)
    • We need to discuss this further. (进一步)

15. LAY vs. LIE

  • Lay = 放置某物 (put something down)
  • Lie = 躺下 (recline)
  • 例句:
    • She lays the book on the table.
    • He lies down to rest.

16. COULD HAVE NOT COULD OF

  • Could have = 正确写法
  • Could of = 错误写法 (常见口语误写)
  • 例句:
    • ✅ I could have gone.
    • ❌ I could of gone.

17. COLLECTIVE NOUNS CAN BE SINGULAR OR PLURAL

  • 集合名词可以是单数或复数
  • 美式风格: 单数
  • 英式风格: 复数
  • 例句:
    • The team is winning. (US style)
    • The team are winning. (UK style)

18. 'WHO'S' vs. 'WHOSE'

  • Who's = who is / who has
  • Whose = possession (所有格)
  • 例句:
    • Who's at the door? (= Who is)
    • Whose book is this? (= 谁的)

19. USE "FEWER THAN" NOT "LESS THAN" FOR COUNTABLE THINGS

  • 可数事物用 fewer than
  • 例句:
    • Fewer than 10 people.
    • ❌ Less than 10 people. (不准确)

20. NO APOSTROPHE FOR POSSESSIVE 'ITS'

  • It's = it is (缩写)
  • Its = belonging to it (所有格)
  • 例句:
    • It's a beautiful day. (= It is)
    • The dog wagged its tail. (= 它的尾巴)

来源: 图片来自 @knowiiledge (Xia)

总结: 掌握这 20 条语法规则，能帮助你在写作和口语中更加准确、专业！这些规则在日常使用中经常被混淆，但掌握它们会让你的英语表达更加地道。